7/14/2023 0 Comments Spin pumping apl hof fman![]() A GoogleTM search under the heading “History of Light Sources” turns up a number of websites, of which a sampling is listed ( hol.htm wiki/Light miscellaneous/multimedia/2008/11/gallery_lights tors/bllight2.htm ful/01.html). Several more recent ones are listed in the references (Zissis and Kitsinellis 2009 Gendre 2003). One of the best I have found, from the earliest days to 1947, is a book by Arthur Bright, “The Electric Lamp Industry” (Bright 1949). Introduction There are many histories of discovery, invention, and development in the electric lamp industry. Local thermodynamic equilibrium Metal halide (lamp) National Electric Manufacturers Association (USA) Original equipment manufacturer Polycrystalline alumina, branded “LucaloxTM” by GE Red-green-blue Tungsten halogen (lamp) Glossary and Abbreviations Glossary Exhaust tube Flare Hard glass Leaded glass Lead-in wire Mount Press Soft glass StemĪ small diameter tube fused into the stem, through which air is exhausted from the interior of the lamp and any gas filling is introduced A short piece of tubing of which the bottom end is flared out in a skirt that is fused to the envelope the lamp in the sealing operation (usually fabricated from leaded glass) A glass having a softening temperature greater than 700 C and a service temperature ca 200 C or less A “soft” glass containing lead oxide (commonly referred to as “lead glass” in the industry this term is used to avoid confusion with the lead-in wire) The connection from the circuit into the interior of the lamp (commonly referred to as the “lead wire” in the industry this term is used to avoid confusion with the element Pb) The completed assembly incorporating the stem, filament, and filament supports, ready to be sealed to the envelope of the lamp The part of the flare that is fused around and pressed on to the lead-in wires to make a hermetic seal A glass having a softening temperature ca 700 C and a normal service temperature ca 100 C or less A glass assembly comprising a flare, lead-in wires, and exhaust tube fused together in the pressĪbbreviations AEG AEI ANSI CFL EMI GE GEC HPS LED LPSĪllgemeine Elektrische Gesellschaft (Germany) Associated Electrical Industries (England) American National Standards Institute (USA) Compact fluorescent lamp Electric and Musical Industries (England) General Electric (Co) (USA) General Electric Company (England) High pressure sodium (lamp) Light-emitting diode Low pressure sodium (lamp) Waymouth* GTE Lighting Products, Marblehead, MA, USA Handbook of Advanced Lighting Technology DOI 10.1007/978-5-8_1-1 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
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